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Milwaukee Police Department bombing

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Coordinates: 43°02′27.0″N 87°54′30.5″W / 43.040833°N 87.908472°W / 43.040833; -87.908472
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Milwaukee Police Department bombing
Boise's Evening Capital News headline reads Bomb tragedy kills 11 at Milwaukee
LocationCentral police station at Oneida and Broadway, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.
DateNovember 24, 1917
7:33 P.M. (local time)
TargetMilwaukee Italian Evangelical Church
Attack type
Large black powder bomb, mass murder
Deaths10 (9 officers, 1 civilian)
Injured6
PerpetratorsGalleanists (unconfirmed)
MotiveAnarchism, retaliation for Bay View incident

The Milwaukee Police Department bombing was a November 24, 1917, bomb attack that killed nine members of local law enforcement and a civilian in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The perpetrators were never caught but are suspected to be an anarchist terrorist cell operating in the United States in the early 20th century. The target was initially an evangelical church in the Third Ward and only killed the police officers when the bomb was taken to the police station by a concerned civilian. The bombing remained the most fatal single event in national law enforcement history for over 80 years until the September 11 attacks.[1]

Background

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Main article: Bay View incident

On September 9, 1917, Rev. Augusto Giuliani of the Milwaukee Italian Evangelical Church held a rally near a local Galleanist meeting spot in Milwaukee's Bay View neighborhood. When the anarchists disrupted the rally, police fired on the demonstrators, killing two, arresting 11, and leading to a raid on the Galleanists.[2]

The bombing

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A little over two months later, on November 24, 1917, a large black powder bomb wrapped as a package was discovered by Maude L. Richter, a social worker, next to Rev. Giuliani's church in the Third Ward.[3][4] She dragged the package into the church basement and notified the church janitor, Sam Mazzone.[4] Mazzone took the bomb to the central police station at Oneida and Broadway and turned it over to the Milwaukee Police Department.[3][5] The station keeper was showing it to the shift commander, Lieutenant Robert Flood, right before a scheduled inspection, when it exploded.[4] Nine members of the department were killed in the blast, along with a female civilian who had been there to report a robbery.[3][5] Six additional police personnel were seriously injured: a lieutenant and five detectives.[6] The police detective who faced the full brunt of the explosion was reported to have been found with his body mangled while one officer was killed while on the second floor. The explosion was loud enough to be heard throughout much of the city and attracted a crowd of thousands to the police station.[7]

Casualties

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Nine members of the Milwaukee Police Department were killed as well as Catherine Walker, who was in the police station reporting a robbery.[5][8]

Name Appointed Years on the force
Henry Deckert October 21, 1913 4
Frank Caswin February 1, 1915 2
Frederick Kaiser February 7, 1905 12
David O'Brien November 4, 1897 20
Stephen Stecker December 1, 1899 17
Charles Seehawer December 1, 1899 17
Edward Spindler July 1, 1903 14
Al Templin October 17, 1904 13
Paul Weiler December 13, 1906 10

Aftermath

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It was suspected at the time that the bomb had been placed outside the church by the Galleanist anarchists who had been involved in the Bay View incident. Those responsible were never apprehended, but days later the eleven alleged Italian anarchists previously arrested went to trial on charges stemming from the Bay View incident. The specter of the larger, uncharged crime of the bombing haunted the proceedings and assured convictions of all eleven. However, in 1918, Clarence Darrow led an appeal that gained freedom for most of the convicted.[9]

While historian of anarchism Paul Avrich has suggested the local Ferrer Circle anarchists may have been responsible, interviews with surviving Galleanist members implicated Mario Buda, chief bombmaker for the Galleanists, and Carlo Valdinoci.[5][10][11][12][13] Buda and Valdinocci had previously fled with many other Galleanists to Mexico in order to evade the draft. At the time, the bombing was the most fatal single event in national law enforcement history, only surpassed later by the September 11 attacks.[1]

See also

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Bibliography

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Notes
  1. ^ a b Miller 2016
  2. ^ Avrich, Paul (1991). Sacco and Vanzetti : the anarchist background. Paul Avrich Collection. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 104. ISBN 0-691-04789-8. OCLC 21971831.
  3. ^ a b c Balousek 1997, p. 113
  4. ^ a b c The Indianapolis Star 1917
  5. ^ a b c d Government of Milwaukee 2017
  6. ^ Avrich 1996, p. 105.
  7. ^ "10 KILLED BY BOMB IN MILWAUKEE POLICE STATION". New York Times. 25 November 1917. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  8. ^ "BOMB KILLS 11 IN MILWAUKEE POLICE STATION". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 25 November 1917. p. 1. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  9. ^ Strang 2013
  10. ^ Watson 2007, p. 15
  11. ^ Avrich 1996
  12. ^ Avrich 1996b
  13. ^ Dell’Arti 2002
References

43°02′27.0″N 87°54′30.5″W / 43.040833°N 87.908472°W / 43.040833; -87.908472

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